Adapt to our changing climate

While we can take measures now to curb greenhouse gas emissions, the benefits won’t be apparent for some time. Changes to our climate over the next 30 to 40 years caused by past emissions are thought to be inevitable.

Woodlands are important for climate adaptation in two ways. First, we must ensure that design and manage forests and woodlands to cope with the new climate: for example, we can develop habitat networks and create wildlife corridors. Second, woodlands can help both urban and rural areas to adapt to the changing climate, providing shade and better living environments and contributing to flood management. We need to plan ahead for these changes.

In the UK, significant increases in average temperatures are expected. Winters will see substantially fewer frosts. Summer droughts and winter flooding may become more common. Cloud cover in summer, particularly in the south, could reduce, leading to increased amounts of sunshine. While these predictions are subject to many uncertainties, it is already clear that there will be an impact on our trees and forests.

Changes will vary from one region to another. Scotland, northern England and much of Wales could see increased timber productivity because of rising carbon dioxide levels, a longer growing season, and a generally warmer climate. Whereas in other areas of England, more summer droughts suggest that the growth rates of many tree species will decrease. We will have to look again at the types of trees we grow.

Pest and disease outbreaks could be a particular problem. Trees under stress are more susceptible to harmful insects and diseases. The majority of insect pests that currently affect UK forestry are likely to benefit from climate change, through increased summer activity and reduced winter mortality.

The character of our native woods is also likely to change. Careful consideration will need to be given to species choice, particularly where timber production is important. In some parts of southern England, some native species will simply no longer be commercially viable.

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